Flanşlar boru sistemlerinde önemli bileşenlerdir, serving as mechanical connectors for joining pipes, vanalar, pompalar, ve diğer ekipmanlar. Güvenli bir ortam sağlıyorlar, leak-proof connection while allowing for easy disassembly, denetleme, ve bakım. Flanges are used in industries such as oil and gas, kimyasal işleme, su arıtma, enerji üretimi, gemi yapımı, and HVAC systems. To ensure proper application and performance, flanges are classified into several types based on their structure, connection method, basınç derecesi, ve uygulama ortamı. This article provides a detailed classification of commonly used flanges, offering insight into their features, avantajlar, and typical uses.

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1. Classification by Connection Method

Kaynak Boyunlu Flanş

A weld neck flange features a long tapered hub that is welded to the pipe. This design transfers stress to the pipe, reducing the concentration at the base of the flange. Weld neck flanges are suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature applications where strength and durability are critical.

Avantajları:

• Excellent strength and fatigue resistance

• Smooth bore transition reduces turbulence

• Ideal for repeated bending and temperature cycles

Uygulamalar: Petrol ve gaz boru hatları, kimyasal tesisler, high-pressure steam lines.

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Geçmeli Flanş

Slip-on flanges are slipped over the pipe and welded on both the inside and outside. They are easier to align than weld neck flanges and are widely used in low- to medium-pressure systems.

Avantajları:

• Simple installation and alignment

• Lower initial cost than weld neck flanges

• Suitable for applications with limited space

Uygulamalar: Water treatment systems, HVAC piping, low-pressure industrial lines.

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Soket Kaynak Flanşı

This flange has a socket where the pipe is inserted before being fillet welded at the outside. Socket weld flanges are used for smaller diameter, yüksek basınçlı borular.

Avantajları:

• Smooth bore flow path

• Suitable for high-pressure, small-size pipelines

• Good fatigue strength

Uygulamalar: Hidrolik sistemler, chemical process piping, high-pressure gas distribution.

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Dişli Flanş

Threaded flanges have internal threads that match the pipe threads, allowing connection without welding. They are ideal for low-pressure, kritik olmayan uygulamalar.

Avantajları:

• Kaynak gerektirmez

• Suitable for flammable environments where welding is hazardous

• Kurulumu ve kaldırılması kolay

Uygulamalar: Yangından korunma sistemleri, şebeke hatları, compressed air piping.

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Tur eklem flanşı

Lap joint flanges are used with a stub end, allowing the flange to rotate freely for easy bolt alignment. They are often used in systems requiring frequent disassembly.

Avantajları:

• Easy alignment during installation

• Reusable in different piping assemblies

• Ideal for systems subject to frequent maintenance

Uygulamalar: Gıda işleme, ilaç bitkileri, corrosive environments where flanges can be made from a less expensive material and the stub end from a corrosion-resistant alloy.

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Kör Flanş

A blind flange has no bore and is used to seal off the end of a piping system or pressure vessel opening.

Avantajları:

• Allows access for inspection and cleaning

• Can be installed or removed without disturbing the piping system

• Available in high-pressure ratings

Uygulamalar: Pressure vessel closures, pipeline isolation points, maintenance access ports.

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2. Classification by Face Type

Yükseltilmiş Yüz (RF)

The most common flange facing type, the raised face has a small raised area for gasket seating, improving the sealing capability.

Uygulamalar: Petrol ve gaz, kimyasal işleme, su sistemleri.

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Düz Yüz (FF)

The gasket surface is in the same plane as the bolt circle face. Commonly used with cast iron equipment.

Uygulamalar: Su arıtma, low-pressure applications, non-metallic piping.

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Halka Tipi Bağlantı (RTJ)

Uses a metal ring gasket to achieve a high-integrity seal for high-pressure, yüksek sıcaklık uygulamaları.

Uygulamalar: Refinery equipment, high-pressure steam lines, offshore oil platforms.

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Dil ve Oluk (T&G)

A male (tongue) flange fits into a female (groove) flanş, providing precise gasket positioning.

Uygulamalar: Specialty chemical processing, high-integrity sealing systems.

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3. Classification by Pressure Rating

ASME Pressure Classes

• Sınıf 150

• Sınıf 300

• Sınıf 600

• Sınıf 900

• Sınıf 1500

• Sınıf 2500

The higher the class, the thicker and stronger the flange to withstand higher pressures.

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EN / DIN PN Ratings

PN 6, PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100, PN 160.
PN stands for nominal pressure in bars at a reference temperature.

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JIS Pressure Ratings

5k, 10k, 16k, 20k, 30k.
Commonly used in Japanese and some Asian market applications.

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4. Classification by Manufacturing Method

Dövme Flanşlar

Produced by forging steel billets, offering superior mechanical properties and grain structure.

Uygulamalar: High-pressure pipelines, offshore structures, enerji santralleri.

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Cast Flanges

Manufactured by casting molten metal into molds. More economical for complex shapes but may have lower mechanical strength than forged flanges.

Uygulamalar: Water systems, low-pressure chemical processing.

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Plaka Flanşları

Cut from plate material and machined to specifications. Economical but generally limited to lower pressure ratings.

Uygulamalar: Low-pressure piping, ventilation systems.

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5. Special Purpose Flanges

Orifis Flanşları

Designed for use with orifice meters to measure flow rate in pipelines. Includes tapped holes for pressure measurement.

Uygulamalar: Flow measurement in oil, gaz, and water pipelines.

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Gözlük Kör Flanşları

Consist of a connected pair of metal discs, one solid and one with an opening, used to isolate a section of pipe.

Uygulamalar: Maintenance operations, system isolation in refineries and chemical plants.

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Flanşların Azaltılması

Allow connection between pipes of different diameters without the need for a separate reducer fitting.

Uygulamalar: Space-constrained piping layouts, güçlendirme projeleri.

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Importance of Choosing the Right Flange Type

The correct flange classification ensures safety, uyumluluk, and performance in the intended application. Mismatched flange types can lead to leaks, pressure loss, or mechanical failures. Selecting the correct flange also simplifies maintenance and ensures compliance with applicable standards.

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Standards Governing Flanges

Flanges must conform to international standards to ensure quality and interchangeability. Common standards include:

• ASME B16.5 (Boru Flanşları ve Flanşlı Bağlantı Parçaları)

• ASME B16.47 (Büyük Çaplı Çelik Flanşlar)

• EN 1092-1 (European Standard for Steel Flanges)

• JIS B2220 (Japanese Industrial Standard for Flanges)

Üreticiler şunu sever: Sasaflance produce flanges in compliance with these standards to guarantee performance in diverse applications.

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Çözüm

Flanges are critical components in any piping system, and understanding their classification helps in selecting the right product for specific operational requirements. Whether based on connection type, yüz tipi, basınç derecesi, manufacturing method, or special function, each flange type serves a unique purpose.

By aligning flange selection with industry standards and application needs, engineers and procurement teams can ensure long-term reliability, emniyet, and cost-effectiveness in their piping systems. Partnering with experienced manufacturers like Sasaflance ensures that flanges are produced to precise specifications, ready to perform in even the most demanding environments.