플랜지는 배관 시스템의 중요한 구성 요소입니다., allowing safe and efficient connections between pipes, 밸브, 슬리퍼, 및 장비. 안전을 확보하기 위해, 호환성, 성능, the production and use of flanges are governed by international standards. 이들 중, ANSI 그리고 ASME are the most widely recognized, but there are also other standards like DIN, JIS, BS, 그리고 EN. Understanding these standards is essential for engineers, 조달 전문가, and industries dealing with global supply chains.

This article explains the major flange standards—ANSI, ASME, and others—highlighting their scope, key features, and importance in industrial applications.

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Why Flange Standards Are Important

1. Safety and Reliability
   Standards ensure flanges can withstand the pressure and temperature conditions of different industries.

2. 호환성
   Flanges from different manufacturers must fit together, which requires adherence to common standards.

3. Global Trade
   International projects often involve equipment from multiple countries, making standardized flanges critical for compatibility.

4. Quality Assurance
   Standards specify material composition, 압력 등급, 치수, 및 테스트 절차.

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ANSI Flange Standards

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) establishes guidelines for various products, 플랜지 포함. ANSI flange standards specify:

• 치수 (지름, 두께, 볼트 서클, 등.)

• 압력 온도 등급

• Facing types (제기된 얼굴, 평평한 얼굴, RTJ)

ANSI flange standards are widely used in the United States and in industries such as oil and gas, 석유화학, 그리고 발전.

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ASME Flange Standards

ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) issues detailed codes for pressure vessels, 배관 시스템, and flanges.

• ASME B16.5: Flanges up to 24 직경 인치

• ASME B16.47: 대구경 플랜지 (26-60인치)

• ASME B16.36: 오리피스 플랜지

• ASME B16.48: Line blanks

ASME standards are stricter than ANSI in terms of design rules, 테스트, and quality control. Many engineers today use the terms ANSI and ASME interchangeably, but technically, ASME has replaced ANSI for flanges in modern practice.

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Other International Flange Standards

1. DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung – Germany)

• Common in Europe and Asia

• Specifies PN (압력 공칭) ratings such as PN6, PN10, PN16, PN40

• Used in chemical plants, 정유소, and power stations

2. EN (European Norms)

• Harmonized standard across the European Union

• Replaces older DIN standards in many regions

• Ensures compatibility across EU member states

3. BS (British Standards)

• Historically used in the UK

• Covers flanges, 개스킷, and bolting specifications

• Now gradually aligned with EN standards

4. JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)

• Widely used in Japan and some Asian markets

• Specifies flanges for industrial piping systems

• Popular in shipbuilding, automotive, and petrochemical sectors

5. ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

• Provides global harmonization

• Ensures compatibility in international trade and projects

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Pressure Classes in Flange Standards

Different standards classify flanges by pressure capability:

• ANSI/ASME 클래스: 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500

• DIN/EN PN Ratings: PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN64, PN100

• JIS 압력 등급: 5케이, 10케이, 16케이, 20케이, 30케이

These classifications indicate the maximum pressure a flange can handle at a specific temperature.

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Flange Facing Types Defined by Standards

1. 제기된 얼굴 (RF): 가장 일반적인, allows better gasket compression.

2. 편평한 얼굴 (FF): Used when bolting against cast iron or non-metallic surfaces.

3. 링형 조인트 (RTJ): For high-pressure, 고온 애플리케이션.

4. 혀와 그루브: Provides tight sealing in specialized applications.

Standards specify exact dimensions for these facings to ensure seal integrity and compatibility.

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Materials Specified in Flange Standards

• 탄소강: For general applications with moderate pressure and temperature

• 스테인레스 스틸 (304, 316, 321, 347): For corrosive and high-temperature environments

• 합금강 (F11, F22, F91): For high-pressure and high-temperature service

• 듀플렉스 및 슈퍼듀플렉스 스테인리스 스틸: For offshore and marine environments

• 니켈 합금 (인코넬, 모넬, 하스텔로이): For extreme chemical and thermal conditions

By adhering to standards, manufacturers and buyers ensure materials match required service conditions.

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Key Differences Between ANSI, ASME, and Other Standards